What is VDE-AR-N 4110 and why you need to download it
If you are planning to connect a customer installation, such as a power generating plant, a storage system or a combined facility of generation/demand/storage, to the medium voltage grid in Germany, you need to comply with the technical connection rules specified by the application rule VDE-AR-N 4110. This rule defines the requirements for planning, erection, operation and modification of customer installations that are connected at the grid connection point to the medium voltage grid of a network operator. It also implements the European Network Code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG) for Germany, which sets the standards for cross-border electricity trade and grid stability.
In this article, you will learn more about the background and purpose of VDE-AR-N 4110, the main technical requirements that it imposes on customer installations, the benefits and challenges of complying with it, and how to download it and get support from VDE, the Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies.
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The background and purpose of VDE-AR-N 4110
The European Network Code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG) was published in 2016 by ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity. It describes the grid connection requirements for generators at all voltage levels, focusing on the cross-border electricity trade. The regulations include, for example, capabilities for frequency stabilization, provision of reactive power to the point of black start capacity of large installations.
The RfG requires all European countries to define new grid codes that are consistent with its provisions. Germany, as a front runner, has released the first grid code VDE-AR-N 4110 for customer installations connected to the medium voltage grid. The Forum Network Technology/Network Operation (FNN) in VDE is responsible for developing this application rule, which replaces the previous guidelines "Power Generation Plants at the Medium Voltage Grid" and "Technical Connection Conditions for Medium-High Voltage" of 2008.
The purpose of VDE-AR-N 4110 is to ensure the stable and safe operation of the medium voltage grid in Germany, which is increasingly influenced by renewable energy sources, storage systems and combined facilities. It also aims to enhance grid and system security in the long term by providing technically binding standards for manufacturers and operators of customer installations.
The main technical requirements of VDE-AR-N 4110
VDE-AR-N 4110 classifies customer installations into four types (A, B, C and D) according to their nominal power and connection voltage. Each type has different technical requirements for connecting and operating to the medium voltage grid. Some of the main requirements are:
Static voltage stability
Customer installations must remain on the grid in steady-state operation within a certain voltage range (90% to 110% of nominal voltage) and tolerate voltage gradients of up to 5% per minute. For voltages outside this range, they can reduce their active power and reactive power output to protect themselves. They must also support the grid by providing reactive power according to a predefined characteristic curve.
Dynamic grid support
Customer installations must be able to withstand short voltage drops (fault ride-through capability) and help restore the normal voltage level after a fault (clearing throat) by injecting reactive current (fault recovery capability). They must also be able to adjust their active power output according to the frequency deviation from the nominal value (frequency response capability).
Active power supply
Customer installations must be able to control their active power output according to the commands of the network operator or the market signals. They must also be able to limit their active power output to a predefined value or a percentage of their nominal power. They must also be able to participate in the balancing market by providing positive or negative reserve power.
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Protection systems and settings
Customer installations must have adequate protection systems and settings to prevent damage to themselves and the grid in case of faults or disturbances. They must also coordinate with the network operator and other customer installations on the protection schemes and settings. They must also comply with the requirements for monitoring, communication and data exchange with the network operator.
The benefits and challenges of complying with VDE-AR-N 4110
Complying with VDE-AR-N 4110 has several benefits for customer installations, the network operator and the society as a whole. Some of these benefits are:
Improved grid stability
By following the technical requirements of VDE-AR-N 4110, customer installations can contribute to maintaining the voltage and frequency stability of the medium voltage grid, especially in case of faults or disturbances. This can prevent blackouts, brownouts and other grid problems that can affect the quality and reliability of electricity supply.
Integration of renewable energy sources
VDE-AR-N 4110 enables customer installations that use renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar or biomass, to connect and operate on the medium voltage grid. This can increase the share of clean and green energy in the electricity mix, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and foster energy transition.
Storage systems and combined facilities
VDE-AR-N 4110 also allows customer installations that use storage systems, such as batteries or flywheels, or combined facilities of generation/demand/storage, to connect and operate on the medium voltage grid. This can enhance the flexibility and efficiency of electricity supply, balance the fluctuations of renewable energy sources and optimize the use of existing grid infrastructure.
However, complying with VDE-AR-N 4110 also poses some challenges for customer installations, such as:
Need for certification, simulation and testing
Customer installations must obtain a certificate from a recognized certification body that confirms their compliance with VDE-AR-N 4110 before connecting to the medium voltage grid. They must also perform simulation studies and testing procedures to verify their technical performance and behavior under different grid conditions. These processes can be time-consuming, costly and complex.
How to download VDE-AR-N 4110 and get support from VDE
If you want to download VDE-AR-N 4110, you can do so from the VDE website or shop. You can choose between different formats, such as PDF, print or online access. You can also order other related documents, such as guidelines, standards or technical reports. The prices vary depending on the format and the membership status.
If you need support from VDE for complying with VDE-AR-N 4110, you can benefit from the services and resources offered by VDE. Some of these are:
Certification services
VDE offers certification services for customer installations that comply with VDE-AR-N 4110. You can apply for a certificate online or offline, submit your documentation and evidence, undergo an assessment by VDE experts and receive your certificate upon successful completion. You can also use the VDE mark to demonstrate your compliance to your customers and partners.
Simulation and testing services
VDE also offers simulation and testing services for customer installations that comply with VDE-AR-N 4110. You can use the state-of-the-art facilities and equipment of VDE to perform simulation studies and testing procedures under realistic grid conditions. You can also get advice and guidance from VDE experts on how to optimize your technical performance and behavior.
Training and consulting services
VDE also offers training and consulting services for customer installations that comply with VDE-AR-N 4110. You can attend seminars, workshops or webinars on various topics related to VDE-AR-N 4110, such as technical requirements, certification process, simulation methods or testing techniques. You can also get customized solutions and recommendations from VDE experts on how to meet your specific needs and challenges.
Conclusion and FAQs
VDE-AR-N 4110 is the application rule that defines the technical connection rules for customer installations connected to the medium voltage grid in Germany. It implements the European Network Code "Requirements for Generators" for Germany and aims to ensure the stable and safe operation of the grid, especially with the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, storage systems and combined facilities. It also sets the standards for cross-border electricity trade and grid security.
To comply with VDE-AR-N 4110, customer installations must meet various technical requirements, such as static voltage stability, dynamic grid support, active power supply and protection systems and settings. They must also obtain a certificate from a recognized certification body, perform simulation studies and testing procedures and coordinate with the network operator and other customer installations.
Complying with VDE-AR-N 4110 has several benefits, such as improved grid stability, integration of renewable energy sources, storage systems and combined facilities, and participation in the balancing market. However, it also poses some challenges, such as time-consuming, costly and complex certification, simulation and testing processes.
If you want to download VDE-AR-N 4110, you can do so from the VDE website or shop. You can also get support from VDE for complying with VDE-AR-N 4110 by using their certification, simulation, testing, training and consulting services. VDE is the Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies and the leading authority on grid code compliance in Germany.
We hope this article has helped you understand what VDE-AR-N 4110 is and why you need to download it. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us. We are always happy to hear from you.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions related to VDE-AR-N 4110:
Q: What is the difference between VDE-AR-N 4110 and VDE-AR-N 4120?
A: VDE-AR-N 4110 is the application rule for customer installations connected to the medium voltage grid (1 kV to 60 kV) in Germany. VDE-AR-N 4120 is the application rule for customer installations connected to the high voltage grid (60 kV to 150 kV) in Germany. Both rules implement the European Network Code "Requirements for Generators" for Germany.
Q: How can I find out which type (A, B, C or D) of customer installation I have according to VDE-AR-N 4110?
A: You can find out which type of customer installation you have by checking the nominal power and connection voltage of your installation. The table below shows the classification criteria according to VDE-AR-N 4110:
Type Nominal power Connection voltage --- --- --- A 1 MW 1 kV B > 1 MW and 10 MW > 1 kV and 36 kV C > 10 MW and 50 MW > 36 kV and 60 kV D > 50 MW > 60 kV Q: How long does it take to get a certificate from VDE for complying with VDE-AR-N 4110?
A: The duration of the certification process depends on several factors, such as the type and complexity of your customer installation, the availability of documentation and evidence, the scope of assessment by VDE experts and the need for corrections or improvements. In general, it can take from a few weeks to several months to get a certificate from VDE.
Q: How much does it cost to download VDE-AR-N 4110 from the VDE website or shop?
A: The price of downloading VDE-AR-N 4110 from the VDE website or shop depends on the format and the membership status. The table below shows some examples of prices according to different formats and membership statuses:
Format Member price Non-member price --- --- --- PDF 1,200.00 1,500.00 Print 1,200.00 1,500.00 Online access (1 year) 1,200.00 1,500.00 Q: What are some other resources that can help me comply with VDE-AR-N 4110?
A: Some other resources that can help you comply with VDE-AR-N 4110 are:
The guideline "Guidance on Compliance with Technical Connection Rules" published by FNN in VDE
The standard "DIN EN 50549-1: Requirements for generating plants to be connected in parallel with distribution networks - Part 1: Connection to a LV distribution network" published by DIN, the German Institute for Standardization
The technical report "TR 50480: Technical requirements for the connection and operation of customer installations to the medium or high voltage network" published by CENELEC, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
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